Pattachitra Art: Stories in Every Stroke

 Pattachitra painting is a form of art that derives its culture from the provinces of the east, specifically West Bengal and Odisha. The ancient temples and shrines of Odisha have their origins from centuries ago. It is believed that the pattachitra artists and their artwork emerged roughly in the 12th century. Pattachitra is one of India's oldest surviving folk art forms. The core of this art form infers from a word that is made up of two expressions derived from the Sanskrit words—“Patta” which is cloth and “Chitra” which refers to the pictures. This eccentric art form has a tradition of integrating paintings that are not only cloth-based but also act as a visual storytelling medium. Often it is accompanied by songs too.

Chitrakar makes pattachitra paintings

Recognition of artists and their significant role in keeping Pattachitra culture alive

“Chitrakars” as the Pattachitra artists are famously known, primarily make idol paintings that are based on mythology. Its popular themes include the Badhia (a depiction of the temple of Jagannath), Krishna Lila (an enactment of Jagannath as Lord Krishna displaying his powers as a child), Dasabatara Patti (the ten incarnations of Lord Vishnu); and Panchamukhi (a depiction of Lord Ganesh as a five-headed deity). The Patua community of artisans is dedicated to creating the Pattachitra artwork. These artisans are called various names such as Patu, Patua or Pota. The living spaces of the Patua community are scattered across West Bengal, Jharkhand, and Odisha in India and some parts are also in Bangladesh. Talking about the current federal initiatives, the government has organized many art festivals or international showcases with the intent of safeguarding and showcasing Pattachitra artwork.

Chalchitra, integral to Bengal Pattachitra, holds significance as the background portrayal of Durga Pratima or idol. Also known as Debi Chal or Durga Chala, it serves as the canvas for the artistic expression of Patuas, who refer to it as Pata Lekha, indicating the writing of Pattachitra. Historically, Chalchitra was utilized in idols dating back 300–400 years in the Nabadwip Shakta Rash tradition. Though it faded for a period, Chalchitra has experienced a resurgence in popularity.

Pattachitra in Durga Puja

Durga Patta(Pot), also known as Durga Sara, holds a distinguished position in Bengal Pattachitra and is recognized as a worshiped form. This particular Pattachitra is revered during Durga Puja in the Hatsarandi Sutradhar society of Birbhum district and Katwa. The hemispherical Durga Patta(Pot)features a central depiction of Durga, surrounded by paintings of Ram, Sita, Shiva, Nandi-Vringi, Shumbha-Nishumbha, and more. This intricate portrayal not only pays homage to religious traditions but also serves as a testament to the artistic brilliance embedded in Bengal Pattachitra.

Pattachita Paintings changing with time

With the passage of time, Pattachitra art too underwent extraordinary transitions. The "Chitrakars" have painted tussar silk, palm leaves, and various other materials in addition to the linen generally painted on. In recent years, Pattachitra has been painted on showpieces, handbags, sarees, wall hangings, and etc. In Spite of their conventional application of vibrant colors and figurines which has stood the test of time through generations although it was never hindered by Pattachitra’s originality.

Creating a Pattachitra involves meticulous preparation

The laborious processes employed in producing Pattachitra paintings, from priming the canvas to incorporating fine details. Use of natural substances including materials, colors derived from plants and minerals, and traditional brushes designed from bamboo or the hair of animals. The artist prepares the canvas by applying a paste made from tamarind seed gum and white stone powder onto a cloth. Natural pigments are then used to bring the figures and scenes to life. Pattachitra is a disciplined art style with guidelines and limitations. Paintings by Pattachitra must include a border with flowers and must use natural colors that are limited to one tone. This results in a unique style and atmosphere that is peculiar to Pattachitra and cannot be duplicated.

Pattachitras are not just beautiful works of art; they serve a deeper purpose. Traditionally, they were used to adorn temples and depict religious narratives for devotees. Today, they are not only collector's items but also a way for artists to preserve and share their cultural heritage. You can also have the pattachitra as one of the traditional heirlooms in your family. Owning a pattachitra painting can also be a source of pride and fascination for family members and visitors alike. Get your favorite Pattachitra atwork here at Dirums.